MATLAB & Simulink Hackathon 2026

Microgrid
on Mars

๐Ÿš€
Politecnico di Torino 2026

Our Solution

Powering Mars

A complete engineering solution for a self sustaining Martian microgrid, from design space exploration and impedance matching to realtime MPPT and closed loop voltage control.

System Architecture

Our microgrid chains a 50 kW solar array (1000S ร— 10P) through a Perturb & Observe MPPT (ฮ”D = 0.0001) into a battery pack, regulated by a PI controlled buckboost converter (K = 0.005) to deliver a stable 510 V bus for 7 Martian sols.

50 kW Solar1000S ร— 10Pโ†’P&O MPPTฮ”D=0.0001โ†’Battery90% SOCโ†’Buck-BoostK=0.005โ†’510 V Bus7 sols
50 kW
Solar Power
510 V
Bus Voltage
0.3 s
MPPT Convergence
7 sols
Mission Duration

Our Solutions

Five engineering challenges solved to build a complete Martian power system.

Task 1

Design Space Exploration

Goal

Find the minimum solar power rating and initial battery SOC that sustain the habitat for the full 7 sol mission.

Approach

We swept Solar Power Rating in 10 kW steps and Initial Battery SOC in 10% steps, running each simulation to check if power held for 7 sols.

ParameterResult
30 kW / 40%Fail
40 kW / 40%Fail
50 kW / 50%Fail
60 kW / 80%Pass
50 kW / 90%Pass
Selected Config
50 kW / 90% SOC
Alt. Viable Config
60 kW / 80% SOC
Minimum Solar Power
50 kW
Mission Duration
7 sols
Key Insight

We chose 50 kW / 90% SOC, it uses the lower solar power rating, which is the key criterion for the minimum viable configuration.

Task 2

Maximum Power Transfer

Goal

Model a single diode solar cell, sweep load resistance to find the Maximum Power Point, and scale the array to deliver 50 kW at a 500 V bus.

Approach

A variable resistor (10 ฮฉ, slope โˆ’0.9 ฮฉ/s) was swept to find the peak power point. Ns cells in series set the voltage; Np parallel strings set the current.

Series Cells (Ns = 1000)
Voltages add up 1000 cells ร— ~0.5 V = 500 V bus. Stretches the I-V curve horizontally.
Parallel Strings (Np = 10)
Currents add up 10 strings multiply total current to reach 50 kW. Stretches the I-V curve vertically.
Optimal R_load
5.05 ฮฉ
V at MPP
~500 V
I at MPP
~100 A
Array Config
1000S ร— 10P
Key Insight

At t โ‰ˆ 5.5 s the resistance hits R_opt = 5.05 ฮฉ, yielding P = V ร— I = 500 V ร— 100 A = 50 kW, the maximum power transfer point.

Task 3

MPPT Control (Perturb & Observe)

Goal

Continuously track the solar array's maximum power point under changing irradiance using a P&O algorithm on a buck-boost converter.

Approach

We tuned four key parameters: initial duty cycle, duty cycle limits, and the perturbation step size ฮ”D; balancing tracking speed against steady state ripple.

ParameterResult
D_init = 0.5Balanced start, V_in โ‰ˆ 250 V
D_max = 0.80Prevents thermal losses
D_min = 0.20Maintains control margin
ฮ”D = 0.0001Best speed/stability
Initial D
0.5
ฮ”D Step Size
0.0001
Convergence Time
~0.3 s
Steady-State Power
50 kW
Key Insight

ฮ”D = 0.0001 delivers rock steady 50 kW with negligible ripple over the full 100 s simulation. The algorithm converges in < 0.3 s and holds flat.

Task 4

Battery Voltage Control

Goal

Regulate the DC bus load voltage within 500โ€“520 V using a PI controller on a buck-boost converter.

Approach

We set V_setpoint = 510 V (centered in the band), then tuned the PI gain K. K = 0.01 was too aggressive; halving to K = 0.005 eliminated oscillations.

ParameterResult
K = 0.01Too aggressive, oscillations
K = 0.005Stable, 510 V flat
V Setpoint
510 V
Sample Time
0.1 s
PI Gain K
0.005
Final Voltage
510 V โœ“
Key Insight

K = 0.005 settles to exactly 510 V with only ~0.004 V undershoot at startup, holding flat for the entire simulation, well within the 500โ€“520 V band.

Task 5

Full System Integration

Goal

Combine all subsystems into a unified Simulink model and verify end-to-end operation over the full 7-sol mission profile.

Approach

We connected the 50 kW solar array โ†’ P&O MPPT โ†’ battery pack โ†’ buck-boost voltage regulator โ†’ habitat load in a single model and ran the complete mission.

Solar Array
50 kW (1000Sร—10P)
MPPT
P&O, ฮ”D=0.0001
Bus Voltage
500โ€“520 V โœ“
Mission
7 sols โœ“
Key Insight

All subsystems operate in concert: MPPT tracks peak solar power, the battery buffers nighttime loads, and the voltage controller keeps the bus within spec for the full mission.

Mission Complete

From a blank Simulink canvas to a fully integrated microgrid, our system delivers 50 kW of solar power through an MPPT controller that converges in 0.3 seconds, regulated to a rock-steady 510 V bus for the entire 7-sol Martian mission.

50 kW Solar Array1000S ร— 10P ConfigP&O MPPT (ฮ”D=0.0001)PI Control (K=0.005)510 V Stable Bus7 Sol Mission โœ“